Neuro-CRAM Foundation
quantitative EEG (qEEG)
A better understanding of brain function is essential for making informed decisions.
At IntegratiV Health, we consider qEEG primarily as a tool for understanding and decision support.
The brain's electrical activity contains a wealth of information about its functioning. Quantitative EEG, or qEEG, allows us to analyze this activity using computer, mathematical, and statistical methods and to study different parameters depending on the questions we wish to explore.
Our goal is not to search for a "standard" brain, but to better understand the functioning specific to each person and to make this information available to them, as well as to the professionals who support them.
qEEG alone does not constitute a medical diagnosis. It provides additional information that must always be interpreted in light of the individual person's situation.
Conventional EEG and qEEG: what's the difference?
Conventional EEG and qEEG both start from recording brain electrical activity using electrodes placed on the scalp.
Conventional EEG is based primarily on clinical examination of the tracings and plays an important role in identifying certain abnormalities of brain activity, for example certain epileptiform activities.
qEEG adds another dimension: the recorded data undergoes computerized quantitative processing, allowing for a more detailed study of different parameters of brain activity.
Depending on the methods used, it becomes possible to study, in particular, the distribution of different frequencies, their expression in different brain regions, their temporal organization, certain functional relationships between regions and, when relevant, the deviations observed in relation to reference data.
The two approaches are therefore not opposed: they answer different questions and can provide complementary information.
The rhythms of brain activity
Brain electrical activity comprises different frequency bands, generally referred to as:
Delta — Theta — Alpha — Beta — Gamma
The exact limits assigned to each band may vary depending on the methods and studies.
The value of qEEG lies not simply in determining whether these different frequencies are present. It allows us to study how they are distributed, organized and expressed, their relative importance in different brain regions and, depending on the methods used, certain functional relationships between them.
When appropriate normative data exist, certain parameters can also be compared to reference distributions.
The aim is therefore not to search for "bad vibes" which would then need to be normalized, but to better understand certain characteristics of the functional organization specific to the brain being studied.
Understanding in order to decide
For us, this concept is essential.
The various qEEG analyses can provide objective information on certain aspects of brain function and, depending on the questions studied, highlight certain characteristics, particularities or deviations in brain activity parameters.
The information obtained does not make decisions for the individual or their family. It allows for a better understanding and a freer choice regarding the next steps they wish to take.
Once the results are available, the person or their family can naturally share them with their neurologist, psychiatrist, psychologist or any other trusted professional, in order to discuss them and consider the investigations, support or therapeutic possibilities that seem most appropriate.
She can also choose to continue this reflection with IntegratiV Health.
In this case, we can support him in understanding the results and in finding solutions adapted to his situation, relying when necessary on our network of scientific advisors and specialized professionals.
Our approach pays particular attention to individualized, complementary and as non-constraining as possible approaches, exploring in particular, when it seems relevant, nutrition, nutrients and food supplements, certain substances of natural origin, lifestyle, neurofeedback or other approaches likely to be of interest in the situation studied.
This is not about opposing different approaches to care.
Our role is to provide information, make skills available and help each family explore the possibilities that seem most suitable to them, while leaving them the freedom to decide which path they wish to follow.
Who is this approach aimed at?
Our proposal is not limited to a particular disease.
It may be of interest in various situations involving brain function: neurological diseases and disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, cognitive or attentional difficulties, complex psychiatric or psychological situations, as well as other circumstances in which a deeper understanding of certain aspects of brain function may be useful.
It is naturally aimed at the people concerned and their families, but also at the professionals who support them.
This approach can be a particularly useful tool for neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and other specialists who wish to be deeply and individually involved in understanding their patients.
In complex neurological or psychiatric situations, having more detailed information on certain aspects of brain function and organization can help to better understand the specific problem of each person, to put certain observed manifestations into perspective and to more precisely guide thinking on possible investigations, support or therapeutic strategies.
It is not simply a matter of adding another report to the patient's file.
The benefit lies in the possibility of providing the professional with new elements to understand the person they are supporting and to deepen their search with them for the answers best suited to their particular situation.
A study built around each person
We do not offer patients the option of choosing their own tests from a catalogue.
Before the qEEG is performed, a detailed questionnaire is used to collect the necessary information, including the person's history, current situation, observed symptoms or difficulties, any treatments and medications, as well as other elements that may be relevant.
The situation is then studied to determine which questions would be particularly interesting to explore using qEEG.
The analyses are selected individually. In many situations, a limited number of targeted analyses — often four or five — can make it possible to combine a relatively general view of brain function with the study of much more specific questions.
Therefore, it is not the patient who chooses analyses from a predefined catalogue: it is the characteristics of his situation that determine the questions to which the qEEG study will seek to provide answers.
The different possibilities of analysis
The available grid includes many possibilities. To make them easier to understand, we present them in broad categories.
1. General understanding of brain function
s4100 — Custom analysis
: A personalized analysis built according to the specific situation and questions to be studied.
s9001 — Functional state of the brain
Evaluation of certain aspects of the functional state of the mature brain.
s9002 — BrainAge – Biological age of the brain
Estimation of biological brain age from qEEG parameters.
s9007 — Brain maturation process
Study of certain parameters related to the brain maturation process.
s9009 — Possible deviation of brain activity and degree of this deviation from the norm
Study of possible deviations of certain parameters of brain activity compared to the references used.
2. Neurodevelopment, cognition and learning
These analyses allow us to explore certain aspects of individual cognitive development and functioning, including attention, executive functions, certain characteristics related to learning, or certain qEEG profiles studied in relation to neurodevelopmental disorders.
s9011 — ADHD
QEEG characteristics studied in relation to ADHD.
s9025 — Learning Style
Characteristics related to style and functioning in learning.
s9030 — Brain Executive Control Function
Assessment of certain aspects of executive functioning.
s9031 — Brain Executive Control Function: Ability to Focus (Attention)
Study of the ability to focus and attention.
s9032 — qEEG characteristics related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Study of qEEG characteristics related to autism spectrum disorders.
3. Analyses focused on different issues
A. Neurology
Some analyses search for and characterize qEEG profiles studied in relation to different neurological situations:
s9010 — Potential risks of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) / Vascular Dementia (VD) / Alzheimer Disease (AD)
s9016 — Potential risks of Cerebro-vascular insufficiency
s9017 — Potential risks of Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
s9018 — Potential risks of Consequences of Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS)
s9021 — Potential risks of Migraine
s9023 — Potential risks of Tinnitus
s9026 — Potential risks of Epilepsy
These screenings look for certain profiles or characteristics of brain activity studied in relation to different neurological situations.
Ils ne constituent pas, à eux seuls, un diagnostic médical.
B. Psychiatrie, psychologie et comportement
s9012 — Potential risks of Depression and determination of affective style
s9013 — Potential risks of Anxiety and/or anxious individuality
s9014 — Potential risks of Schizophrenia and/or schizotypal individuality
s9015 — Potential risks of Alcoholism
s9019 — Potential risks of long-term consequences of childhood emotional/psychological trauma / risk of PTSD
s9020 — Potential risks of Psychopathy
s9022 — Potential risks of Bipolar Disorder and related diseases
s9024 — Potential risks of Neurosis and determination of neurosis type
s9029 — Potential risk of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
The presence of a qEEG profile associated with a condition does not mean that this condition is diagnosed in the person studied.
The result provides an additional piece of information to be interpreted within its individual context.
C. Stress and adaptation
s9006 — Stress levels characterization
Characterization of certain parameters related to stress level.
s9028 — Potential risk of Distress and its components
Study of profiles associated with distress and some of its components.
D. Addiction and evolution
s9027 — Degree of recovery from substance abuse / addiction
Study of certain parameters allowing assessment of the degree of recovery in the context of substance abuse or addiction.
4. Evolution and comparison over time
When a previous qEEG is available, certain parameters can be compared with data obtained during a new recording.
This comparison makes it possible to study the evolution over time of certain aspects of the analyzed brain function, particularly when a person is being monitored or when different interventions have been implemented between two assessments.
s9101 — Comparison with earlier data — 1 to 3 services
s9102 — Comparison with earlier data — 4 to 5 services
s9103 — Comparison with earlier data — 6 to 10 services
s9104 — Comparison with earlier data — more than 10 services
These four references correspond to the same comparison logic; the code used depends on the number of analyses being compared.
An observed change between two recordings does not, by itself, allow us to attribute this change to a particular intervention.
However, it provides data that allows us to observe and document certain changes or stabilities over time.
5. Additional analyses and services
Personalized Nutrition and Supplementation Program — s4102
Our proposal consists of a personalized nutrition and supplementation program, tailored to the individual characteristics and situation of each person.
This program may include an individualized selection of vitamins, nutrients, and dietary supplements, with instructions regarding their dosage, combination, and timing. Nutritional recommendations may also be provided.
This approach is complementary and individualized. It does not replace medical diagnosis or treatments prescribed by the healthcare professionals who are supporting the person.
Personalized lifestyle recommendations — s4103
Our proposal may also include personalized recommendations regarding certain lifestyle aspects, tailored to each person's individual characteristics and situation.
This additional approach aims to provide practical elements that can be taken into consideration in a comprehensive and individualized approach.
Brain Mind Audit — s9220
Our proposal also includes the Brain Mind Audit, an EEG screening designed to provide a more comprehensive view of different aspects of the brain's functional state and its organization in relation to mental activity.
It represents a different approach to analyses focused on a particular problem or function.
Psychopharmacological Response Profile — s9301
This analysis makes it possible to establish a probabilistic profile of psychopharmacological response guided by EEG data.
It can provide additional information on certain individual neurophysiological characteristics that may be relevant in considering the response to treatments.
This profile does not prescribe medication and does not, by itself, determine the therapeutic course to be followed.
In IntegratiV Health's approach, information from qEEG can then be part of a much broader reflection, which is not necessarily limited to conventional psychopharmacological interventions.
An example of individualized selection
To better understand our approach, let us take the example of a study carried out on an adult with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC).
Five analyses had been selected:
s4100 — Custom analysis
including in particular the study of possible deviations from references and certain aspects related to brain maturation.
s9026 — Potential risks of Epilepsy
s9029 — Potential risk of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
s9031 — Brain Executive Control Function: Ability to Focus (Attention)
s9032 — qEEG characteristics associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
This example illustrates the logic of our proposal: to combine some general and specific analyses based on the characteristics and questions specific to a person.
This is not a standard protocol for AHC. Another person with the same condition could lead to a different selection.
A collaboration based on complementary skills
To offer this service, IntegratiV Health has chosen to surround itself with professionals who have in-depth and complementary skills in the various fields necessary for its implementation.
IntegratiV Health — information, support and coordination
IntegratiV Health designs, proposes and coordinates the service.
Our role is to inform and explain, to raise awareness of the possibilities offered by qEEG, to support interested individuals and families, to organize the different stages and to coordinate the professionals involved.
An essential part of our mission also involves seeking out and bringing together around our proposals the scientific and professional skills that we consider most suitable, in order to be able to offer a high-quality individualized service.
Our support can continue after the results are delivered when the person or their family wishes to explore with us the possibilities that may be of interest in their situation.
Drs. Andrew & Alexander Fingelkurts — neuroscience and scientific analysis qEEG
Andrew & Alexander Fingelkurts, doctors of psychophysiology, have devoted their work for several decades to the study of the brain and its functional activity.
Their research areas include advanced EEG/qEEG analysis methods, the functional and spatio-temporal organization of brain activity, cognition, and consciousness.
They are the authors of numerous scientific publications in international journals, as well as book chapters and scientific contributions.
As part of the service offered by IntegratiV Health, they provide the specialized scientific expertise necessary for the preliminary study of situations, the selection of relevant analyses, and the scientific analysis and interpretation of qEEG data.
Professional presentation of Andrew & Alexander Fingelkurts
Scientific publications by Andrew & Alexander Fingelkurts
Luciana F. Moretti — neuropsychology, qEEG, neurofeedback and neuroregulation
Luciana F. Moretti is a neuropsychologist and holds a doctorate in Communication Sciences. She is a certified Neurofeedback therapist and a mentor with the Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA).
Her professional background includes training and experience in the fields of biofeedback, neurofeedback and brain mapping/qEEG, as well as work focused in particular on neuroregulation, trauma and neurodivergence.
As part of the service offered by IntegratiV Health, Luciana is involved in the preparation and execution of qEEG recordings and helps to make the results accessible and understandable in their practical dimension.
When relevant, his experience in neurofeedback also allows him to study the possibilities of individualized support in this area.
Luciana F. Moretti's professional website
Complementary skills within the same person
This organization is not based on a succession of isolated actors.
On the contrary, it allows us to bring together complementary scientific, professional and human skills around each situation, with IntegratiV Health remaining the interlocutor who presents, supports and coordinates the entire service.
When the situation warrants it, our network also allows us to call upon other specialized scientific or professional advisors who can contribute their expertise to the discussion.
How is the study conducted?
1. Understand the person's situation
The first step is to gather the necessary information using a detailed questionnaire and to understand the main questions to which the person, their family, or the professionals who support them wish to obtain answers.
2. Define an individualized study
The situation is studied in order to select the most relevant qEEG analyses.
3. Prepare and carry out the recording
The qEEG recording is prepared and performed under the conditions necessary to obtain quality data.
4. Analyze and interpret the data
The recordings are then subjected to specialized scientific analysis using selected qEEG methods.
5. Understanding the results
The results are explained and placed in the context of the person so that they can be understood and used by the family and, when desired, by the professionals who support them.
6. Decide what to do next
The individual and their family remain free to determine the next steps. They can use the results with their own professionals or ask IntegratiV Health to continue providing support, in order to explore other possibilities with them and, when necessary, to mobilize the skills of our network of advisors.
qEEG and neurofeedback: two different approaches
qEEG and neurofeedback can be related in certain situations, but they should not be confused.
qEEG constitutes an evaluation and analysis approach.
Neurofeedback is an intervention that may be considered later when it appears relevant to the person's situation.
Therefore, performing a qEEG does not automatically imply the implementation of neurofeedback.
When this possibility is of interest, the information obtained can help to define more precisely the parameters and objectives to be taken into consideration.
A service organized in a flexible manner
IntegratiV Health offers and coordinates this service in collaboration with highly specialized professionals.
Our organization is based on a flexible model: recordings can be made in different locations, depending on the people interested, organizational possibilities and collaborations established with professionals or centers.
When several people wish to perform a qEEG in the same region, we can organize a session combining the different recordings.
We can also establish ad hoc or regular collaborations with neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, other healthcare professionals, practices or centers interested in this approach.
This flexibility allows the service to be brought to where it is needed, rather than imposing a single location for the patient to receive it.
Recording requires relatively little infrastructure; the expertise needed for its preparation, analysis and interpretation, however, is highly specialized.
A concrete service already integrated into our approach
The qEEG service presented here is one of the concrete actions already integrated into the support and collaboration approach that we are developing within the framework of our social project.
This project is currently in the design, structuring, and development phase. Some of its ambitions will gradually require resources, new collaborations, and the establishment of the necessary structures.
Other actions are already operational and accessible to those concerned. The qEEG service is one of them.
Through this service, IntegratiV Health informs and supports interested individuals and families, coordinates the various professionals involved and organizes the different steps necessary to carry out the study.
This approach concretely illustrates the philosophy we wish to develop: to research and understand approaches that can provide useful assistance, to bring together the appropriate skills, to make information accessible and to facilitate access to resources that may be of interest to the people concerned.
Scientific documentation
We want interested individuals, families, and professionals to be able to go beyond our presentation of qEEG and access the scientific sources directly.
We have therefore selected a deliberately limited number of publications that we consider particularly useful for understanding the foundations of qEEG, the analysis methods used, some of its applications and also its limitations.
Our goal is not to create an exhaustive bibliography, but to offer an accessible, organized and annotated scientific library.
Each publication was chosen for a specific reason.
Understanding qEEG
Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG) as a Natural and Non-Invasive Window into Living Brain and Mind in the Functional Continuum of Healthy and Pathological Conditions
Alexander A. Fingelkurts & Andrew A. Fingelkurts — 2022
This review offers a thorough introduction to the principles of qEEG and the different types of information that can be extracted from brain electrical activity.
Why we selected this publication
It provides an excellent starting point for readers wishing to go beyond our general presentation and gain a more precise understanding of the possibilities of quantitative EEG analysis.
Rhythms and organization of brain activity
EEG Oscillatory States: Universality, Uniqueness and Specificity across Healthy-Normal, Altered and Pathological Brain Conditions
Alexander A. Fingelkurts & Andrew A. Fingelkurts — 2014
This study examines the organization of EEG oscillatory states in different normal, modified, and pathological brain conditions.
Why we selected this publication
It helps us better understand why qEEG analysis is not simply about measuring different brain frequencies. It demonstrates the value of also studying their organization, stability, and characteristics according to different states of brain function.
Functional and spatio-temporal organization of the brain
Brain-Mind Operational Architectonics Imaging: Technical and Methodological Aspects
Andrew A. Fingelkurts & Alexander A. Fingelkurts — 2008
This publication presents the methodological foundations of the Operational Architectonics approach developed by Andrew & Alexander Fingelkurts.
Why we selected this publication
It allows readers wishing to delve deeper into the subject to better understand the dynamic and spatio-temporal conception of brain function that underlies an important part of their work.
Functional connectivity
Impaired Functional Connectivity at EEG Alpha and Theta Frequency Bands in Major Depression
Andrew A. Fingelkurts, Alexander A. Fingelkurts and collaborators — 2007
This study analyzes certain functional relationships between different brain regions in the alpha and theta bands.
Why we selected this publication
We present it primarily as a concrete example of the study of functional connectivity. It illustrates how EEG analysis can go beyond the activity of regions considered in isolation and explore certain functional relationships between them.
Comparison with normative data
Quantitative Electroencephalogram Standardization: A Sex- and Age-Differentiated Normative Database
Juhee Ko, Ukeob Park, Daekeun Kim & Seung Wan Kang — 2021
This publication presents the construction of an important normative qEEG database differentiated in particular according to age and sex.
Why we selected this publication
Some qEEG analyses use normative data to situate different individual parameters relative to a reference population. This publication explains how these databases can be constructed and why the characteristics of the reference population must be taken into account.
Observe and compare the evolution over time
Longitudinal Test-Retest Reliability of Quantitative EEG in Healthy Individuals Using an Automated Preprocessing Approach
2026
This study examines the reproducibility of different EEG parameters during several assessments carried out over a prolonged period.
Why we selected this publication
To use certain measurements in monitoring an individual, it is important to know their stability and reproducibility over time. This methodological question is an essential prerequisite for interpreting differences observed between several recordings.
An example of research on very long-term monitoring
Long-Term (Six Years) Clinical Outcome Discrimination of Patients in the Vegetative State Could be Achieved Based on the Operational Architectonics EEG Analysis: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Andrew A. Fingelkurts, Alexander A. Fingelkurts and collaborators — 2016
This pilot study explores the relationship between certain characteristics of functional brain organization and long-term clinical evolution in patients with severe disorders of consciousness.
Why we selected this publication
This case provides a particularly interesting example of the use of advanced EEG analysis methods in very long-term monitoring. We present it as a scientific illustration of this possibility, and not as a method for predicting the individual progression of a patient.
qEEG, epilepsy and therapeutic monitoring
The Use of Quantitative Electroencephalography in Evaluating Epilepsy Treatment
Jingjing Qiu, Yixia Chen, Zhiyuan Ning and colleagues — 2026
This recent review analyzes the literature concerning the use of qEEG in the assessment and monitoring of different interventions in epilepsy.
Why we selected this publication
This study is of particular interest because it simultaneously examines the current possibilities and limitations of qEEG in monitoring epilepsy. The authors identify longitudinal monitoring as one of the most promising areas, while also highlighting the remaining challenges of standardization, reproducibility, and validation.
Nutrition, nutraceuticals and lifestyle
Turning Back the Clock: A Retrospective Single-Blind Study on Brain Age Change in Response to Nutraceuticals Supplementation vs. Lifestyle Changes
Andrew A. Fingelkurts & Alexander A. Fingelkurts — 2023
This study explores the evolution of a measure of biological brain age derived from qEEG in the context of personalized nutraceutical supplementation programs or lifestyle modifications.
Why we selected this publication
The topic is particularly relevant to our approach: individualized assessment, brain function, nutrition, nutraceuticals, and lifestyle. This is a retrospective study, and its results must be interpreted within the limitations of this methodology, but it opens up interesting avenues for research on personalized approaches.
Also understand the limitations of qEEG
We believe that quality scientific information should present not only the possibilities of a method, but also its limitations and the precautions necessary for its use.
The quality of the recording, the control of artifacts, the processing methods used, the normative data chosen, and the expertise required for interpretation can all have a significant influence on the results.
A statistical difference compared to a reference population does not automatically constitute a clinical abnormality.
Similarly, certain characteristics observed in a qEEG do not, on their own, allow for a diagnosis to be made.
The Clinical Use of Quantitative EEG in Cognitive Disorders
Paulo Afonso de Medeiros Kanda and collaborators — 2009
This review examines the clinical use of qEEG while addressing several technical and methodological difficulties that may influence the results: artifacts, data selection, state of alertness, analysis methods and use of normative bases.
Why we selected this publication
We aim to present qEEG with the same rigor when discussing its capabilities as when discussing its limitations. This publication helps to understand why technical quality, the clinical context, and caution in interpretation are essential.
For professionals — technical standards and quality
The reliability of a qEEG analysis begins with the quality of the recording and the rigor with which the data are selected, controlled and processed.
The International QEEG Certification Board has published recommendations regarding the minimum technical requirements for performing a clinical qEEG, including acquisition, artifact control, EEG inspection and the various processing and analysis steps.
International QEEG Certification Board Guideline — Minimum Technical Requirements for Performing Clinical Quantitative Electroencephalography
To go further
This selection represents only a small part of the available literature.
Readers wishing to delve deeper into the work of Andrew & Alexander Fingelkurts can consult their complete scientific bibliography, which includes their research on qEEG, brain oscillations, functional connectivity, the spatio-temporal organization of brain activity, cognition, consciousness, and various neurological and neuropsychiatric situations.
→ Consult the scientific publications of Andrew & Alexander Fingelkurts
Are you an individual or a family interested?
You can briefly describe your situation to us.
We can explain how the service works and the different steps involved in organizing an individualized qEEG study.
Are you a professional or a center?
We are open to collaborations with neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, other healthcare professionals, practices and centers wishing to use or learn more about this approach.
Contact IntegratiV Health to discuss this with us.